Arecanut and Cocoa Production and Marketing Aspects Essay

Arecanut is an authorised commercial crop in India which plays a boastful role in the religious, social and cultural functions and frugal life of people in India. The present issue of arecanut in the world is about 0.854 one thousand million rafts from an country of 0.702 million hectares. India ranks first in two knowledge domain and work of arecanut Arecanut industriousness forms the stinting thorn of nearly six million people in India and for many of them it is the sole means of livelihood. Both domain and yield of arecanut in India commit increased tremendously during the last three decades. The area beneath arecanut in India has increased from 0.167 million hectares during 1971 to 0.4 million hectares by the form 2010-11 with an overall process rate of 2.2%. During the same boundary the product has increased more(prenominal)(prenominal) than 3 times from 0.141 million tons to 0.478 million tones with a growth rate of 3.2%.As of now, coffee is one of the classic commercial plantation crops in India and it is mainly well-behaved in four major southern States viz., Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh. India conjure ups 12954 tonnes of cocoa from an area of 46318 ha (DCCD, 2010). The cocoa industry in the country had expanded to a languish extent in re centime years. At present, more than 15 industrial entrepreneurs and firms existing in the work demand nearly 30,000 tonnes of cocoa beans, of which the present internal help availability is only about 40 percent. Considering the trade growth in the chocolate segment in India, which is about 20 percent per annum, cocoa, has a massive potential to develop in future years. upstart area expansion in Andhra Pradesh (16969 ha) can be taken as a positive answer to the demand-supply fissure. We can further, strengthen the Transfer of Technology (ToT) activities to raise the cocoa cultivation as an intercrop in arecanut and coconut palm to meet the challenges regarding supply of cocoa in the future. frugal force analysis of arecanut based cropping system An tinct analysis of arecanut based cropping systems in southernmost Karnataka has been carried out. It was sight that, farmers are p reddishominantly following three cropping systems which were, 1) arecanut + banana 2) arecanut + cocoa and 3) arecanut + banana + pepper. To estimate the economic encroachment of different cropping systems, we have mensural the average comprise per hectare, average fall and the net returns of apiece system. The quantification of economic impact of each system has been worked out by combining the difference in net returns of each system from the arecanut monocrop, and piece of adoption of each cropping system. The tot economic impact due to adoption of cropping systems in the neighborhood was found to be Rs 680 million.Economic impact analysis of alter arecanut varieties The analysis was based on a field survey of 120 arecanut farmers in South Karnataka. To estimate the economic impact of improved varieties we have calculated the weighed average embody per hectare, weighed yield and net returns of the released varieties. The weights are assigned according to the estimated percentage area of each variety in South Karnataka.The total area of arecanut in the district was work out with the percentage adoption of improved varieties in the region to arrive at the total area under improved varieties. The difference in net returns entrust give the additional benefit we would have obtained, had the area been under released varieties. It was observed that 13.6% of total area in southern Karnataka is under released arecanut varieties. The economic impact of released arecanut varieties in monitory terms was found to be rupees 141 million per year. The presence of improved varieties was more prominent in the young plantations. The holding wise observations revealed that the presence of released varieties was more in mild holding groups.Cost of production of arecanut and cocoa According to the get a line conducted by the Institute, the damage of production of one kilogram of arecanut in a well-maintained garden was found to be Rs 104.20 Here we have considered the economic life span of the palm as 35 years and average annual production as 2700 kg/ha The average forethought cost (from 8th year to 35th year) was calculated at Rs. 168765/ha. The cost of production of cocoa braggy in arecanut garden was found to be Rs74.42/kg of dry beans and average annual maintenance cost recorded at Rs 55268/ha.Marketing The chali and the red are the two main varieties of arecanut consumed by the people in the main as a habit. Chali or the white supari is utilise mainly in the pan or beedas and the red variety is used some(prenominal) in the eagerness of pan and value added products like pan masala, ghutka, odoriferous supari etc. From production to consumption level both clandestine traders and the co-operatives play an impor tant role in India. Here, the share of the cooperative is around 15 per cent and remaining is under the control of the private traders. Among the cooperatives The CAMPCO, a nodal agency has its own purchasing and sales centres throughout the countryDisposal conception A study in Dakshina Karnataka showed that 80 percent of the farmers, who dispose the produce immediately after harvest, were small cultivators. Remaining 20 per cent who disposed the produce when the prices in the mart are favorable, were large farmers. It was observed that indebtedness and deprivation of proper infrastructure facilities for storage compel the small farmer to dispose the produce at the earliest. The absolute majority of the farmers (63%) sold chali supari to traders, who reportedly paid two rupees excess of the foodstuff rate per kg of chali sold.Stagnating market prices and change magnitude cost of production, especially the skilled labour charges in the recent times have generated livelihood co ncerns of arecanut farmers in India. Surging imports, which is around 12 percent of the domestic production, certainly has a significant role in price stickiness. Market studies reveal that around 75 percent of the arecanut trade is in the hands of private trades, which has provided ample scope for hoarding and resulted in market imperfections and low price realization.In the case of cocoa the current supply is only around fifty dollar bill percent of the actual domestic demand and hence, at that place exist a huge scope for area expansion with the supply of elite seedlings/grafts. Effective spread of technologies through trainings, on-farm trials, demonstrations and seminars are being carried out by the Institute. Nevertheless, the price stagnation of the crop for a long period has caused disinterest among arecanut farmers. Therefore, in the case of arecanut a vicious cycle was formed in the pattern of depressed prices + shortage of labourcrop defaultdiseases /pest attacklow yi eld/production and this in turn especially has adversely affected the small and marginal arecanut farmers who are solely pendant on the crop.